Mhla ziyi-11 kuZibandlela wezi-2001, iChina yajoyina ngokusemthethweni iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba.Lokhu kwaba ingqophamlando ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka kwezwe lami kanye nenqubo yesimanje yezenhlalakahle.Kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, i-China izifeze ngokugcwele izibopho zayo ze-WTO futhi iqhubeka nokwandisa ukuvulwa kwayo, okuye kwavula igagasi elikhulayo lentuthuko yaseChina futhi kwasebenza namanzi asentwasahlobo omnotho womhlaba.
Ukubaluleka kokungena kweChina kwiNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba
Ukujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba kuye kwashintsha kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kwezwe lethu nohlelo lwezomnotho lomhlaba, okwenza izwe lethu lidlale ngokugcwele ezinzuzweni zalo eziqhathaniswayo, libambe iqhaza ngokujulile ekuhlukaniseni uhlelo lwabasebenzi lwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi lithuthuke ngokushesha libe uhwebo olubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. kanye nezwe lokutshalwa kwezimali;ukuhlinzeka ngokubamba iqhaza kwezwe lami ekubuseni komnotho womhlaba Ngezimo ezingcono, umthelela wezwe lami emhlabeni wonke uyaqhubeka nokukhula;ikhuthaze ngamandla ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwezomnotho wasekhaya, yavuselela ubungqabavu babadlali bemakethe, futhi yakhulula amandla okuthuthukiswa komnotho.
Kusikhuthaze ngempumelelo isimo sezwe lami ohlelweni lomnotho womhlaba.Ngemva kokujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, izwe lami lingajabulela amalungelo elungu leNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba futhi lijabulele kangcono imiphumela yesikhungo yokukhululwa kanye nokwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.Lokhu sekudale isimo sezomnotho nezokuhwebelana samazwe ngamazwe esizinze kakhudlwana, esisobala futhi esibikezelwa eShayina, futhi abatshalizimali basekhaya nabangaphandle bakhulise kakhulu ithemba labo ekubambeni iqhaza kweShayina ekuhlukaniseni imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kwezomnotho nezohwebo kwamanye amazwe.Sidlala ngokugcwele ezinzuzweni zethu, sididiyela ngokujulile ohlelweni lokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi siyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isikhundla sethu ohlelweni lwezomnotho lomhlaba wonke.Kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, isibalo somnotho wezwe lami sinyukile sisuka kwesithupha safinyelela kwesibili emhlabeni, ukuhwebelana ngezimpahla kunyukile kusuka endaweni yesithupha kuya kweyokuqala emhlabeni, kanti ukuhwebelana ngezinkonzo kunyukile kusuka kweyeshumi nanye kwafinyelela kwesibili emhlabeni, nokusetshenziswa yemali yangaphandle ibilokhu ikhula kancane.I-China ikleliswe kuqala, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuka kusuka endaweni yama-26 emhlabeni kuya kweyokuqala.
Qaphela ukugqugquzelwa kwezinguquko kanye nokuvula amathuba.Inqubo yeminyaka eyi-15 yokungena ezingxoxweni ze-WTO/WTO futhi iyinqubo yezwe lami lokuqhubeka nokujula kwezinguquko.Kungenxa yokuthi kungenxa yokujula okuqhubekayo kwezinguquko lapho singasabela ngempumelelo kumthelela wokuvulwa kwemakethe futhi siguqule ingcindezi yokuvula amandla ezimakethe nokwandisa ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe.Ngemva kokujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, izwe lami liye layithobela ngokugcwele futhi lasebenzisa imithetho yeNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, futhi lagxila ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukiseni imithetho nemithethonqubo yomnotho wemakethe ehambisana nemithetho yezomnotho neyezohwebo yezizwe ngezizwe, ekhuthaze ubungqabavu bemakethe. kanye nomphakathi.izwe lami lisuse imigoqo engakhokhisi futhi lehlise kakhulu amazinga entela.Izinga lentela lilonke lehlile lisuka ku-15.3% laya ku-7.4%, elingaphansi kwezibopho ze-WTO ezingama-9.8%.Izinga lokuncintisana emakethe yasekhaya selithuthuke kakhulu.Kungashiwo ukuthi ukujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba kuyicala elidala lokugqugquzela izinguquko kanye nokuvula ezweni lethu.
Kuvule ikhasi elisha lokubamba iqhaza kwezwe lami ekubuseni umnotho womhlaba.Kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, izwe lami libambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuguqulweni kohlelo lokubusa komnotho emhlabeni wonke kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithetho.Ubambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumjikelezo wezingxoxo zase-Doha futhi waba negalelo elibalulekile empumelelweni yezingxoxo zokunweba “zeSivumelwano Sokuqondisa Uhwebo” kanye “Nesivumelwano Sobuchwepheshe Bolwazi.”Ngemva kokuba izingxoxo zokungena ku-World Trade Organization seziphelile, izwe lami laqala ngokushesha izinhlelo zokuhwebelana zesifunda.NgoNovemba 2000, izwe lami laqala ukusungulwa kwe-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Ekupheleni kuka-2020, izwe lami selisayine izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala eziyi-19 namazwe nezifunda ezingama-26.Ngo-2013, uhlelo lwe-"One Belt One Road" olwaphakanyiswa uMongameli u-Xi Jinping lwathola izimpendulo ezinhle ezivela emazweni angaphezu kuka-170 kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.Izwe lami liphinde labamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ezinkundleni zokuphatha umnotho womhlaba njenge-G20, futhi laphakamisa isu lamaShayina lokuguqula iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba.Izwe lami lizibophezele ekukhuthazeni ukwakhiwa komnotho womhlaba ovulekile emazingeni ahlangene, izifunda kanye namazwe amabili, futhi isimo sawo ohlelweni lokubusa komnotho womhlaba siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Ukungena kweShayina kuNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba nakho kuye kwathuthukisa isimiso somnotho womhlaba.Ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabantu baseShayina abangaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.4, i-World Trade Organization izobe ingaphelele kakhulu.Ngemva kokuba iShayina ijoyine iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, ukufakwa kwemithetho yezomnotho nezohwebo yezizwe ngezizwe kuye kwandiswa kakhulu, futhi uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngezimboni emhlabeni wonke seluphelele kakhulu.Igalelo leShayina ekukhuleni komnotho womhlaba selifinyelele cishe ku-30% iminyaka eminingi.Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukungena kweShayina kwiNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba nakho kuyingqophamlando ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuhwebelana kwezomnotho.
Isipiliyoni kanye Nokukhanya Kokujoyina Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba
Hlala njalo ubambelele ebuholini obuqinile beqembu mayelana nesizathu sokuvuleleka, futhi uqhubeke nezikhathi ukuze uthuthukise isu lokuvula.Isizathu esimqoka esenza izwe lami likwazi ukufuna izinzuzo futhi ligweme ukonakala ohlelweni lokuhwebelana kwezomnotho ukuthi lihlale libambelele ebuholini obuqinile beqembu bembangela yokuvuleka.Enqubweni yezingxoxo zokungena esikhundleni se-WTO, iKomidi Elikhulu Leqembu lahlulela isimo, lathatha izinqumo eziwujuqu, lanqoba izithiyo, futhi lafinyelela isivumelwano.Ngemva kokujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, ngaphansi kobuholi obuqinile beKomidi Elikhulu Leqembu, safeza izithembiso zethu, sajulisa izinguquko, futhi sazuza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nohwebo ngamandla.Umhlaba namuhla ubhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingakaze zibonwe ekhulwini leminyaka, futhi ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwesizwe saseShayina kusesikhathini esibucayi.Kufanele sibambelele ebuholini beqembu, sisebenzise isu lokuvula elimatasa, ngokuqhubekayo sithuthukise izinga lokuvula, futhi siqhubeke nokuqinisa izinzuzo ezintsha zezwe lethu ekusebenzisaneni nokuncintisana kwezomnotho namazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuzijwayeza umqondo wokuthuthuka okuvulekile nokuphikelela ekwandiseni ukuvuleka ngokungantengantengi.UNobhala-Jikelele u-Xi Jinping uthe: "Ukuvuleka kuletha inqubekela phambili, futhi ukuvalwa kuzosalela ngemuva nakanjani."Selokhu kwaba nezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, izwe lami lisibambe ngokuqinile isikhathi samathuba abalulekile, ladlala ngokugcwele ezinzuzweni zalo eziqhathaniswayo, lakhulisa ngokushesha amandla alo kazwelonke, futhi landa kakhulu ithonya lalo emhlabeni wonke..Ukuvuleka yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuchuma nentuthuko yezwe.IKomidi Elikhulu Leqembu elinoComrade u-Xi Jinping emnyombeni lithatha intuthuko evulelekile njengengxenye ebalulekile yombono omusha wentuthuko, futhi isikhundla neqhaza lokuvuleleka emzamweni weqembu kanye nezwe kwenziwe ngcono ngendlela engakaze ibonwe.Ohambweni olusha lokwakha izwe lesimanje lezenhlalakahle ngendlela ehlanganisa yonke indawo, kufanele siphikelele ekuvuleni futhi sandise izinga lokuvuleleka ngokuzethemba nangokuqaphela.
Qinisekisa ngokuqinile umuzwa wemithetho futhi ugcizelele ekukhuthazeni ukuvulwa kwesikhungo.Ngemva kokujoyina iNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, izwe lami liyihlonipha kakhulu imithetho yeNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba futhi lizifeza ngokugcwele izibopho zalo ze-WTO.Eminye imibuso emikhulu ishaya indiva imithetho yasekhaya kunemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe, ithobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe uma ivuma, futhi iyinyathele uma ingavumelani.Lokhu akugcini ngokubukela phansi imithetho yezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa ekugcineni kuzolimaza umnotho womhlaba kanye nawo ngokwawo.Njengezwe elikhulukazi elisathuthuka kanye nelesibili ngobukhulu emnothweni emhlabeni, izwe lami liwukhombisile umthwalo walo njengezwe elikhulu, lihola njengomqapheli, umvikeli, nomakhi wemithetho yezomnotho nezokuhwebelana yezizwe ngezizwe, libambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuguqulweni koMthethosisekelo. uhlelo lokubusa komnotho womhlaba, kanye nokufaka isandla eShayina ekuguquleni nasekuthuthukiseni imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yezomnotho nezohwebo.uhlelo.Ngaso leso sikhathi, sizoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuvulwa kwezikhungo futhi sisheshise ukwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lomnotho ovulekile.
Yakha iphethini entsha yokuvulela umhlaba wangaphandle nge-scope enkulu, inkambu ebanzi, nezinga elijulile
Njengamanje, uguquko lwekhulunyaka luhlangene nobhubhane lwekhulunyaka, uhlaka lwamazwe ngamazwe luthuthuka ngokujulile, uguquko olusha lwezobuchwepheshe luqhubekela phambili ngokugxumagxuma, uguquko oluluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi luyakhula ngesivinini, ukulungiswa kokubusa komnotho emhlabeni wonke. liya ngesivinini, futhi impi yokubusa isishube kakhulu.izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa zezwe lami zibe nezinguquko ezinkulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo izinsiza zokuqamba ezintsha zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kwakhiwe izinzuzo ezintsha zokubamba iqhaza ekubambisaneni namazwe ngamazwe nokuncintisana.Sibhekene nesimo esisha kanye nemisebenzi emisha, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibambelele ebuholini obuphakathi nobunobunye beKomidi Eliyinhloko Leqembu noComrade Xi Jinping emnyombweni, sisebenzise ngokugcwele imicabango ka-Xi Jinping ngesocialism enezici zaseShayina enkathini entsha, futhi sibe abalungile ukukhulisa amathuba ezimeni ezinzima, ukuvula izimo ezintsha phakathi nezinguquko, kanye nokukhuthaza Iphethini entsha yokuvula umhlaba wangaphandle enobubanzi obukhulu, insimu ebanzi, nezinga elijulile lizokwakhiwa.
Hlala uthuthukisa izinga lokuvuleleka ekwakhiweni kwephethini entsha yokuthuthukisa.Ukuze kwakhiwe iphethini entsha yentuthuko, kuyadingeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqhubekisela phambili izinguquko ezijulile kanye nokuvula, futhi ubone ukusebenzelana okuhlangene nokugqugquzela uguquko nokuvula.Ukubambelela enguqukweni yesakhiwo sohlangothi lokunikezela njengomugqa oyinhloko, futhi ukhuthaze ukuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe nokuzimela.Gxila ekuguquleni ukusabalalisa, ukuphatha kanye nesevisi, ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isimo sebhizinisi, ukwakha imakethe yasekhaya ebumbene, kanye nemijikelezo yezomnotho ebushelelezi.Ukuqondiswa ukuvuleka kwezinga eliphezulu, ukuqinisa ukwethulwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono, ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zokusungula izinto ezintsha emhlabeni wonke, kuthuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kwezithakazelo zaseShayina nezangaphandle, kunqamule ukugcinwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemithetho yaseChina, ukuxazulula inkinga “yokunamathela entanyeni” uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kochungechunge lwezimboni, futhi kuzuzwe Ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kuyakhuthazana ezingeni eliphezulu.
Hlakulela izinzuzo ezintsha ekubambisaneni namazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuncintisana.Bamba ngokuqinile amathuba amaqhinga alethwa uguquko lwedijithali kanye noguquko oluluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi, futhi usheshise ukwakhiwa kwezinzuzo ezintsha zokuncintisana zamazwe ngamazwe ezimbonini ezisafufusa zezwe lami.Nika amandla izimboni zendabuko ngobuchwepheshe bolwazi, siguqule izimboni ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi ngokukhiqiza okukhaliphile, futhi sigcine ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemikhiqizo evamile yezwe lami ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Nweba ukuvulwa kwemboni yesevisi futhi uthuthukise ngamandla uhwebo lwesevisi yedijithali.Qinisa ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana namazwe ngamazwe ezimbonini ezisebenza kanzima nobuchwepheshe.Sekela amabhizinisi ukuthi “ahambe emhlabeni wonke” ukuze ahlanganise izimakethe ezimbili nezinsiza ezimbili ukuze akhe inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe exhaswe ngamaShayina enokuncintisana okuqinile kwamanye amazwe.
Yakha uhlelo olusha oluvulekile lwezomnotho ngokumelene nemithetho yezomnotho nohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe esezingeni eliphezulu.Ukuqonda kahle ukuthambekela kwemithetho yezomnotho womhlaba, futhi uqhubeke nokugqugquzela ukuhwebelana nokutshalwa kwezimali inkululeko kanye nokwenza lula ngokuhambisana nezinga eliphezulu lemithetho yezomnotho nezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa isimo sebhizinisi, futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza, ukungafihli kanye nokubikezelwa komnotho wangaphandle kanye izinqubomgomo zohwebo.Nikeza ukudlala okugcwele endaweni yokuhweba yamahhala (imbobo yokuhweba yamahhala), ukhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuhlola kokucindezeleka kokuvula izinga eliphezulu, hlola imodeli enembile yokugada ukuze uthole ukugeleza kwedatha okuhlelekile kwemingcele, futhi ufinyeze okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi, kopisha futhi ukhuthaze yona.Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwesevisi yokuphatha utshalomali lwangaphandle olusebenzayo noluhlelekile ukuze kuvikelwe ngempumelelo izintshisekelo zaphesheya kwezilwandle.
Hlakulela isimo esihle somnotho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezohwebo.Hlakulela ngamandla amakhono ezomnotho nezohwebo ezingeni eliphezulu, usungule imibono nezindlela zezomnotho nezohwebo, futhi uqinise ikhono lokubeka izihloko, izingxoxo zangaphandle, kanye nokuxhumana namazwe ngamazwe.Thuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele futhi uxoxe kahle izindaba zamaShayina.Bamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuguqulweni kohlelo lokubusa komnotho emhlabeni wonke, kugcinwe ngokuqinile igunya lohlelo lwezizwe ngezizwe, kugqugquzelwe ngokuhlanganyela ukuguqulwa kweNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba, nokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ezingxoxweni zemithetho emisha yezomnotho nezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.Gxilisa ukubambisana kwentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe, kancane kancane ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu "Ibhande Nomgwaqo", ukusheshisa ukuqaliswa kwe-Ajenda Yezizwe Ezihlangene 2030 Yentuthuko Esimeme, futhi kugqugquzelwe ukwakhiwa komphakathi onekusasa elihlanganyelwe lesintu.
(Umbhali u-Long Guoqiang uyisekela lomqondisi we-Development Research Centre yoMkhandlu Wombuso)
Umhleli ophethe: Wang Su
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2021