Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, inkinga yebhodlela embonini yemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe ibigqame kakhulu.Amaphephandaba avamile ezigamekweni zokuminyana.Izintengo zokuthutha zikhuphukile ngokushintshana futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu.Umthelela omubi kuwo wonke amaqembu uye wabonakala kancane kancane.
Izehlakalo ezivamile zokuvinjwa nokubambezeleka
Kusukela ngoMashi nango-Ephreli kulo nyaka, ukuvinjwa kweSuez Canal kwaqala ukucabanga ngochungechunge lomhlaba wonke lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla.Kodwa-ke, kusukela lapho, izigameko zokuminyana kwemikhumbi ethwala impahla, ukuvalelwa emachwebeni, nokubambezeleka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ziyaqhubeka ukwenzeka njalo.
Ngokombiko weSouthern California Maritime Exchange ngo-August 28, isamba semikhumbi yamabhokisi angu-72 yafika emachwebeni aseLos Angeles naseLong Beach ngosuku olulodwa, idlula irekhodi langaphambili lama-70;Imikhumbi engama-container engama-44 yamisa ezindaweni zokubambelela, eyi-9 yayo isendaweni Indawo ekhukhulekayo nayo yephule irekhodi langaphambili lemikhumbi engama-40;imikhumbi eyi-124 yezinhlobo ezehlukene ibiboshiwe ethekwini, kanti isibalo semikhumbi emiswe lapho safinyelela kurekhodi lama-71. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi siminyaminya ukushoda kwezisebenzi, ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nobhubhane kanye nokwanda kokuthengwa kwamaholidi.Izikebhe zase-California e-Los Angeles kanye ne-Long Beach zenza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinto ezithengwayo zase-US.Ngokusho kwedatha evela echwebeni laseLos Angeles, isilinganiso sesikhathi sokulinda sale mikhumbi sikhuphuke saba yizinsuku eziyi-7.6.
Umqondisi we-Southern California Ocean Exchange u-Kip Ludit uthe ngoJulayi ukuthi isibalo esijwayelekile semikhumbi yamakhonteyina esimisweni siphakathi kukaziro nowodwa.ULutit wathi: “Le mikhumbi iphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunaleyo eyabonwa eminyakeni engu-10 noma engu-15 edlule.Bathatha isikhathi eside ukwehlisa, badinga namaloli engeziwe, izitimela ezengeziwe, nokunye.Ezinye izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezizolayishwa.”
Selokhu i-United States yaqala kabusha imisebenzi yezomnotho ngoJulayi wonyaka odlule, umthelela wokwanda kokuthuthwa kwemikhumbi yamabhokisi ubonakale.Ngokusho kwe-Bloomberg News, ukuhweba kwe-US-China kumatasa kulo nyaka, futhi abathengisi bathenga kusengaphambili ukuze babingelele amaholide ase-US kanye ne-Golden Week yase-China ngo-Okthoba, okwenze kwaba nzima ukuhamba kwemikhumbi.
Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe inkampani yocwaningo yaseMelika iDescartes Datamyne, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kweziqukathi zasolwandle zisuka e-Asia ziya e-United States ngoJulayi lenyuke ngo-10.6% unyaka nonyaka laya ku-1,718,600 (elibalwe ezitsheni ezingamamitha angama-20), elalingaphezu kwalokho. yonyaka odlule izinyanga eziyi-13 zilandelana.Inyanga iqophe umlando.
Ihlushwa yizimvula ezinamandla ezibangelwe iSiphepho i-Ada, i-New Orleans Port Authority yaphoqeleka ukuthi imise isikhungo sayo samabhokisi kanye nebhizinisi lokuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziningi.Abahwebi bendawo yemikhiqizo yezolimo bayeka ukuthekelisa futhi bavala okungenani imboni eyodwa yokugaya ubhontshisi wesoya.
Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli hlobo, i-White House yamemezela ukusungulwa kwethimba elisebenza ngokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain ukusiza ukudambisa amabhodlela kanye nezingqinamba zokuhlinzeka.Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNcwaba, i-White House kanye noMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-US baqoka u-John Bockarie njengenxusa elikhethekile lechweba le-Supply Chain Interruption Task Force.Uzosebenzisana noNobhala Wezokuthutha uPete Buttigieg kanye noMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezomnotho ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezisalela emuva, ukubambezeleka kokulethwa kwezidingo kanye nokushoda kwemikhiqizo okuhlangatshezwe ngabathengi baseMelika namabhizinisi.
E-Asia, uBona Senivasan S, umongameli weGokaldas Export Company, omunye wabathumelisi abakhulu bezimpahla baseNdiya, uthe ukunyuka okuthathu kwezintengo zamabhokisi kanye nokushoda kubangele ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi.U-Kamal Nandi, usihlalo we-Consumer Electronics and Electrical Appliance Manufacturers Association, okuyinhlangano yezimboni ze-elekthronikhi, uthe iziqukathi eziningi zidluliselwe e-United States naseYurophu, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu iziqukathi zaseNdiya.Izikhulu zemboni zithe njengoba ukushoda kwamakhonteyna sekufinyelele esicongweni, ukuthengiswa kweminye imikhiqizo kungase kwehle ngo-Agasti.Bathe ngoJulayi, ukuthengiswa kwetiye, ikhofi, irayisi, ugwayi, izinongo, amakinati, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, izinkukhu ne-iron konke kwehlile.
Ukwenyuka okukhulu kwesidingo sezimpahla ezithengwayo e-Europe nakho kubhebhethekisa izingqinamba zemikhumbi.I-Rotterdam, ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, kwadingeka ilwe nokuminyana kuleli hlobo.E-UK, ukushoda kwabashayeli bamaloli kubangele ukuvalwa kwamabhodlela emachwebeni nasezindaweni zikaloliwe ezimaphakathi nezwe, okuphoqe ezinye izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuthi zenqabe ukuletha iziqukathi ezintsha kuze kunciphe ukusilela emuva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqubuka kwalolu bhubhane phakathi kwabasebenzi abalayisha futhi behlisa amakhonteyina sekudale ukuthi amanye amachweba avalwe noma anciphe.
Inkomba yesilinganiso sempahla ihlala iphezulu
Isigameko sokuvinjwa kwemikhumbi nokuvalelwa sibonisa isimo sokuthi ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwesidingo, izinyathelo zokulawula ubhubhane, ukwehla kokusebenza kwechweba, kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kahle, okuhambisana nokwanda kokuvalelwa kwemikhumbi okubangelwa izivunguvungu, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semikhumbi. imikhumbi ivamise ukucinana.
Ethintwe yilokhu, amanani cishe ayo yonke imizila emikhulu yezohwebo enyuke kakhulu.Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Xeneta, elandelela amanani wezimpahla, izindleko zokuthumela isitsha esijwayelekile esingamamitha angu-40 sisuka eMpumalanga Ekude siya eNyakatho Yurophu senyuke sisuka ngaphansi kwe-US$2,000 kuya ku-US$13,607 ngesonto eledlule;intengo yokuthutha isuka eMpumalanga Ekude iya emachwebeni aseMedithera ikhuphukile isuka ku-US$1913 yaya ku-US$12,715.amadola aseMelika;isilinganiso sezindleko zokuthutha amabhokisi ukusuka eChina ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States senyuke sisuka ku-3,350 US dollar ngonyaka odlule saya ku-7,574 US dollar;ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude kuya ogwini olusempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika kwenyukile kusuka ku-1,794 US dollar ngonyaka odlule kuya ku-11,594 US dollar.
Ukushoda kwezimpahla ezithwala inqwaba ezomile nakho kuthambekele ekubeni kuqhubeke isikhathi eside.Ngomhla zingama-26 ku-Agasti, imali yokuqashisa ye-Cape of Good Hope yezinkampani ezinkulu ezomile ezithwala inqwaba yayiphezulu njenge-US$50,100, eyayiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunaleyo yasekuqaleni kukaJuni.Izimali ezikhokhiswayo zemikhumbi emikhulu eyomile eyinqwaba ethutha insimbi neminye imikhumbi zikhuphuke ngokushesha, zafinyelela phezulu cishe eminyakeni eyi-11.I-Baltic Shipping Index (1000 ngo-1985), ekhombisa ngokuphelele imakethe yabathwali benqwaba eyomile, yayingamaphuzu angama-4195 ngo-Agasti 26, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngoMeyi 2010.
Izinga lokukhuphuka kwempahla yemikhumbi yamabhokisi linyuse ama-oda emikhumbi yamabhokisi.
Idatha evela enkampanini yocwaningo yaseBrithani iClarkson ibonise ukuthi inani lama-oda wokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka lalingama-317, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2005, ukwanda izikhathi ezingu-11 esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Isidingo semikhumbi yamabhokisi ezinkampanini ezinkulu zemikhumbi yomhlaba wonke naso siphezulu kakhulu.Ivolumu ye-oda engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021 ifinyelele ezingeni lesibili eliphakeme kakhulu emlandweni wevolumu ye-oda yesigamu sonyaka.
Ukwenyuka kwama-oda okwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kukhuphule intengo yemikhumbi yamabhokisi.NgoJulayi, inkomba yentengo yesitsha sikaClarkson sika-Clarkson yayingama-89.9 (i-100 ngoJanuwari 1997), okuwukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka ngamaphesenti ayi-12.7, kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye nesigamu.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Shanghai Shipping Exchange, izinga lempahla yeziqukathi ezingamamitha angu-20 ezithunyelwe zisuka eShanghai ziya eYurophu ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi zazingama-US$7,395, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka izikhathi ezingu-8.2;Iziqukathi ezingamamitha angu-40 ezithunyelwe ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States zazingama-US$10,100 lilinye, kusukela ngo-2009 Ngokokuqala ngqa selokhu izibalo zitholakala, imaki yase-US$10,000 seyeqiwe;maphakathi no-Agasti, izimpahla zamakhontena eziya oGwini oluseNtshonalanga ye-United States zikhuphuke zafinyelela ku-US$5,744 (amafidi angama-40), okuwukukhuphuka ngo-43% kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zemikhumbi zaseJapane, njengeNippon Yusen, zabikezela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka wezimali ukuthi “amanani ezimpahla azoqala ukwehla kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi.”Kepha empeleni, ngenxa yesidingo esinamandla sempahla ehambisana nesiphithiphithi samachweba, umthamo wezokuthutha omile, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani ezimpahla ezithwala impahla, izinkampani zemikhumbi zikhulise kakhulu okulindelwe ukusebenza kwazo onyakeni wezimali ka-2021 (kuze kufike kuNdasa 2022) futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zithole imali ephezulu kakhulu. emlandweni.
Kuvela imiphumela eminingi engemihle
Umthelela wamaqembu amaningi obangelwa ukuminyana kwemikhumbi kanye namazinga akhuphukayo wempahla azovela kancane kancane.
Ukubambezeleka kokunikezwa kanye nokukhuphuka kwezintengo kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke.Ngokwemibiko, indawo yokudlela yaseBritish McDonald yakhipha ama-milkshakes nezinye iziphuzo ezisemabhodleleni kwaphoqa ukuthi inkukhu yenkukhu yaseNandu ivale okwesikhashana izitolo ezingu-50.
Ngokombono womthelela emananini, umagazini i-Time ukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ngaphezu kuka-80% okuthengiswa kwezimpahla zithuthwa olwandle, ukukhuphuka kwempahla kusongela amanani ayo yonke into kusukela kumathoyizi, ifenisha nezingxenye zemoto kuya ekhofini, ushukela nama-anchovies.Ukukhathazeka okwedlulele mayelana nokusheshisa ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni jikelele.
Inhlangano Yamathoyizi iveze esitatimendeni kwabezindaba base-US ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain kuyisigameko esiyinhlekelele kuzo zonke izigaba zabathengi.“Izinkampani zamathoyizi zibhekene nengwadla yokunyuka kwenani lempahla ngo-300% kuya ku-700%.Njengoba le festiveli isondela, abathengisi bazobhekana nokushoda futhi abathengi bazobhekana nenani eliphezulu kakhulu.”
Kwamanye amazwe, ukuhanjiswa kwemikhumbi okungekuhle kunomthelela omubi ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe.UVinod Kaur, umqondisi omkhulu we-Indian Rice Exporters Association, uthe ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka wezimali ka-2022, ukuthengiswa kwerayisi le-basmati kwehle ngo-17%.
Ezinkampanini zemikhumbi, njengoba intengo yensimbi ikhuphuka, izindleko zokwakha imikhumbi nazo ziyakhuphuka, ezingase zehlise inzuzo yezinkampani zemikhumbi ezi-oda imikhumbi enenani eliphezulu.
Abahlaziyi bemboni bakholelwa ukuthi kunengozi yokwehla kwezimakethe uma imikhumbi isiqediwe futhi ifakwa emakethe kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024. Abanye abantu sebeqala ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kuzoba nensada yemikhumbi emisha e-odwe ngesikhathi isetshenziswa eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3.UNao Umemura, isikhulu sezimali esiyinhloko senkampani yemikhumbi yaseJapane i-Merchant Marine Mitsui, wathi, “Uma ngikhuluma nje, ngiyangabaza ukuthi izidingo zezimpahla zesikhathi esizayo zingaqhubeka yini.”
U-Yomasa Goto, umcwaningi e-Japan Maritime Center, uhlaziye, “Njengoba imiyalo emisha iqhubeka nokuvela, izinkampani ziyazazi ubungozi.”Esimweni sokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele esizukulwaneni esisha semikhumbi kaphethiloli yokuthutha igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi ne-hydrogen, ukuwohloka kwezimo zemakethe nokukhuphuka kwezindleko kuzoba yingozi.
Umbiko wocwaningo lwe-UBS ukhombisa ukuthi isiminyaminya echwebeni kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke kuze kube ngu-2022. Imibiko ekhishwe izikhondlakhondla zezinsizakalo zezezimali i-Citigroup kanye ne-The Economist Intelligence Unit ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinkinga zinezimpande ezijulile futhi mancane amathuba okuba zishabalale maduze.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2021